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The former Cape Fear Wood Preserving facility produced creosote-treated wood from 1953 to 1978. Process wastes went to a concrete sump, and separated liquids drained through a ditch to a diked pond. This left soil and groundwater impacted with creosote, PAHs, and NAPL.
EPA Region 4 needed a pilot to show whether thermal treatment could recover DNAPL from one of the most heavily impacted areas before full-scale remediation was designed. The pilot zone covered about 1,600 ft² from 9 to 26 ft bgs, roughly 1,000 yd³ with an estimated 3,900 lbs of creosote in place.
Site conditions worked against recovery:
VIYA (formerly McMillan-McGee) was contracted to design, install, operate, and demobilize the in-situ thermal remediation system using ET-DSP™ electrical heating technology for the pilot. The technology heats soil by passing electrical current between electrodes. At the same time, water circulated through each electrode carries heat outward and keeps the surrounding soil conductive. The result is uniform heating, even in resistive, layered soils where conventional methods struggle.
The ET-DSP™ pilot recovered 4,680 lbs of creosote and hydrocarbons from the site. Uniform heating across the full treatment volume mobilized contaminants trapped in resistive, heterogeneous soils. The treatment zone reached the 90°C target temperature on day 64 and held it through the end of operations. All thermal goals were met on schedule and under budget.
The pilot results informed a phased, four-stage design for full-scale remediation across the site.
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